盆地烃类运移二维二相流动数学模型分析与应用实例   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

陶一川  姜鹏 《地球科学》1995,20(3):314-321

从地质固体系统与流体系统相互作用所形成的能量流、物质流的观点，系统地论述了建立烃类运移主要控制方程，即烃水两相拉格朗日型异常地层压力方程和饱和度方程，研制了开发了烃类运移数值模拟系统，阐明了该耦合系统的要素功能和求解方法，提供了改善系统模拟精度的措施，最后介绍了该模拟系统在松辽盆地东南隆起某测线的应用实例。  相似文献   

Advances in Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers and Long-Chain Alkyl Diols in the Marine Sediments: Implications for Paleoclimatic and Paleoenvironmental Changes     

Lilei Chen  Feng Li  Jian Liu 《地球科学进展》2019,34(8):855-867

Lipid biomarkers widely dotted in marine sediments, as their distribution characteristics accurately record huge information on the metabolism of the original organisms and migration and transformation of these organic components, are often used to reconstruct the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental conditions. This paper reviewed the progress in the study of paleoclimatic-environmental changes during the late Quaternary using abundant core lipids Glycerol Dialkyl Glyceryl Tetraethers (GDGTs) and long-chain alkyl diols in marginal sea sediments. It is pointed out that clarifying the “source-sink” process of lipid biomarkers buried in marine sediments is a prerequisite for paleoclimatic-environmental reconstruction. It is believed that the use of multiple indicators that are less affected by early diagenesis can increase the accuracy of reconstructing paleoclimatic changes. In the large-river dominated marginal seas, the mechanism of land-sea climate coupling evolution stimulated by the paleoclimatic-environmental changes can be elucidated based on paleoclimatic records reconstructed from core lipids GDGTs and long-chain alkyl diols in marine sediments. It is hoped that this paper can provide reliable technical means and a solid theoretical basis for predicting future temperature and rainfall changes.  相似文献   

陆架边缘海沉积物有机碳矿化及其对海洋碳循环的影响     

张咏华  吴自军 《地球科学进展》2019,(2):202-209

边缘海沉积物是海洋重要的碳储库,其内部的碳循环主要是由有机质矿化分解过程来驱动的。有机碳进入边缘海沉积物后,矿化分解为溶解无机碳(DIC)进入沉积物孔隙水并扩散到上层水柱,参与海洋系统碳循环;同时还有部分DIC与钙镁等离子结合形成自生碳酸盐,保存于沉积物碳库。从生物地球化学角度探讨有机质埋藏机制和效率,在此基础上重点综述沉积物硫酸盐还原、产甲烷和甲烷厌氧氧化过程的耦合机制,以及有机质矿化对自生碳酸盐形成的影响等方面的研究进展,以期加深对陆架边缘海沉积物在全球碳循环收支平衡中的作用及其气候环境效应的认识。  相似文献   

大气影响下平顶山膨胀土地表蒸发研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

翟聚云  郝晓  马明江  郜艳轲  张功会  李亚鹏 《冰川冻土》2019,41(2):342-349

为探索膨胀土的蒸发特征,对平顶山市区膨胀土进行了不同初始含水量土体的室内和室外蒸发试验研究,测试了蒸发过程中土体含水量在不同深度的变化。对室内、外试验结果及其差异性进行了分析,发现室内和室外土样的蒸发强度差别较大,但是蒸发系数相差不大,蒸发系数与土体含水量、含水量梯度有较强的相关性。地表土体接近饱和时,蒸发系数在1上下波动。随着蒸发的持续,蒸发系数随地表含水量降低而下降,含水量梯度随地表含水量的降低而升高。当地表含水量达到残余含水量时,含水量梯度达到极大值,持续蒸发含水量梯度将继续减小。土体蒸发系数与蒸发历时进行拟合,呈较好的对数关系。  相似文献   

Evidence for microbiological manganese oxidation in the river Tamar Estuary, South West England     

Peter W. L. Vojak  Clive Edwards  Martin V. Jones 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(6):661-671

Water samples from the Tamar Estuary oxidized manganese when supplemented with Mn²⁺ (2 mgl⁻¹). The rates of oxidation were depressed in the presence of various metabolic inhibitors. The effect of Mn²⁺ and temperature on the rate of manganese oxidation suggested that a biological process was largely responsible for converting Mn²⁺ to Mn⁴⁺. Rates of manganese oxidation were much higher in freshwater (3·32 μgl⁻¹ h⁻¹ in water containing 30 mgl⁻¹ of suspended matter) than in saline water (0·7 μgl⁻¹ h⁻¹ in water of salinity 32‰) containing the same amount of particulate matter. The rate of manganese oxidation was proportional to the particulate load (up to 100 mgl⁻¹ particulates).  相似文献   

Quantifying sedimentation patterns of small landslide-dammed lakes in the central Oregon Coast Range     

Logan R. Wetherell  Lisa L. Ely  Joshua J. Roering  Megan K. Walsh  Molly J. Burchfield  Keifer E. Nace  Meaghan M. Wetherell  William T. Struble 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(7):1375-1392

Understanding sedimentation patterns in small coastal watersheds due to landscape perturbations is critical for connecting hillslope and fluvial processes, in addition to managing aquatic habitats for anadromous fish and other aquatic species in the Oregon Coast Range (OCR). Changes in sedimentation patterns spanning the last 250 years are preserved in two landslide-dammed lakes in small watersheds (< 10 km²) underlain by the Tyee Formation in the central OCR. Dendrochronology of drowned Douglas-fir stumps in both lakes provided precise timing of the damming and formation of the lakes, with Klickitat Lake forming in winter ad 1751/52 and Wasson Lake in winter ad 1819/20. Perturbations from wildfires, logging and road development, and previously underappreciated snow events affect sedimentation rates in the lakes to different degrees, and are identified in the sediment record using cesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs), high-resolution charcoal stratigraphy, local fire records, and aerial photography. Each lake has variable sedimentation accumulation rates (0.05–4.4 cm yr⁻¹) and mass accumulation rates (0.02–1.42 g cm⁻² yr⁻¹). Sedimentation rates remained low from the landslide-damming events until the mid-19th century, when they increased following stand-replacing wildfires. Aside from a sediment remobilization triggered by human modification of the landslide dam at Klickitat Lake around 1960, the largest peaks in mass accumulation rates in the mid-20th century at both lakes in the early 1950s precede major road construction and logging activity in the watersheds. Subsequent sedimentation rates are lower, but variable, and possible effects of logging and road development might be exacerbated by abnormal precipitation and heavy snow events. A comparison of previous studies of landslide-dammed lakes in larger watershed of the OCR are consistent with our findings of increased sedimentation in the mid-20th century, as well as higher sedimentation rates in the debris-flow dominated southern Tyee Formation than in the lower-relief northern Tyee Formation.  相似文献   

Low-decomposition rates of riparian litter in a North Patagonian ultraoligotrophic lake     

《Limnologica》2021

Littoral zones of lakes are important for carbon and nutrient recycling because of the accumulation and decomposition of organic matter (OM) coming from terrestrial and aquatic plants. Here, we aimed to study OM decomposition from the most abundant riparian trees (Nothofagus dombeyi and Myrceugenia exsucca), and an emergent macrophyte (Schoenoplectus californicus), in the littoral zone of an ultraoligotrophic North-Patagonian Andean lake. We analysed the initial 2-days leaching, and litter mass loss and litter nutrient changes after one year of decomposition in a litter-bag experiment. The three studied species had very slow decay rates (k < 0.005 day⁻¹), and initial nutrient release by leaching was not related to differences in decomposition rates. However, differences in leaf traits (lignin content) were related to interspecific variation in decomposition rates. The highest decomposition rates were observed for the macrophyte S. californicus, the species with the lower lignin content, while the opposite was observed in the Myrtaceae M. exsucca. In the three studied species, nitrogen content increased during decomposition. Our results indicated that in the shore of ultra-oligotrophic lakes, litter remains for long periods with net nutrient immobilization, thus OM of the riparian vegetation represents a carbon and nutrient sink.  相似文献   

Sediment organic matter source estimation and ecological classification in the semi-enclosed Batan Bay Estuary,Philippines   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yuya Ogawa  Yuki Okamoto  Resurreccion Bitoon Sadaba  Mamoru Kanzaki 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(1):110-119

The large organic matter flow in tropical coastal areas is recognized as an important process in the global carbon(C)cycle.However,the nature of organic matter flow in semi-enclosed tropical estuaries remains unclear due to the various environmental processes(tidal change,river flow,waves from the sea,and internal circulation)and organic matter sources therein.Thus,sediment organic matter(SOM)sources,and their distribution pattern,are key to understanding ecosystem material flow.Our research in the Batan Bay Estuary,Philippines,a semi-enclosed estuary under large mangrove deforestation,was conducted to determine ecosystem properties through analysis of C and nitrogen stable isotope ratios and environmental factors.First,we determined that mangrove litter,microphytobenthos,and phytoplankton are the main SOM sources in the Batan Bay Estuary.Second,the estuary was classified into three ecological zones(the Bay zone,Back-barrier zone,and River zone).In addition,we estimated SOM source ratios using the Stable Isotope Analysis in R package and determined different organic matter sources in different zone.The high ratios of mangrove litter as SOM indicate that a large amount of terrestrial plant organic matter remains despite the heavy mangrove deforestation that has occurred since the 1980s,and that the Back-barrier zone consists of a different type of ecosystem that promotes accumulation of C from mangrove litter and microphytobenthos.  相似文献   

胶体TiO₂颗粒对不同来源溶解性有机质光降解的影响:基于分子量差异分析     

李芳芳  徐华成  江和龙 《湖泊科学》2021,33(4):1163-1174

溶解性有机质(DOM)广泛存在于多种水环境介质,其光降解过程显著影响水体污染物的化学形态及生态风险.本文以典型陆源天然有机质(NOM)和藻源有机质(AlgOM)为研究对象,采用切向超过滤技术将初始DOM样品(Bulk,0.45μm)分为高分子量(HMW, 1 kDa～0.45μm)和低分子量(LMW,1 kDa)组分,研究胶体TiO2颗粒存在下不同分子量有机组分的光降解行为差异.表征结果表明,DOM样品的有机质均相对较多地分布在LMW组分中(55.3%～57.8%),但HMW的芳香性比LMW组分高;三维光谱结果表明AlgOM富含类蛋白和类腐殖物质,而NOM只含类腐殖物质;进一步分析发现类蛋白物质主要分布于HMW组分,类腐殖物质则主要分布于LMW组分.胶体颗粒的存在通过吸附作用抑制AlgOM中有机质及芳香性物质的光降解,而通过催化作用促进NOM中有机质及芳香性物质的光降解.胶体颗粒不改变不同分子量DOM中有机质的光降解效率顺序,均为HMWBulkLMW,说明HMW有机质更易光降解.但无胶体颗粒时AlgOM和NOM芳香物质的光降解效率为LMWBulkHMW,且胶体颗粒的存在改变不同分子量NOM芳香性物质的光降解顺序.另外,无胶体颗粒存在时陆源类腐殖物质比藻源类腐殖物质更易光降解,而胶体颗粒的存在均可促进藻源和陆源类腐殖质物质光降解;相比于HMW类腐殖质,LMW类腐殖物质具有较高的光敏性和优先降解特性.  相似文献   

2017年夏季海洋天气评述          下载免费PDF全文

王海平  王慧  杨正龙  尹尽勇  高栓柱 《山东气象》2017,37(4):75-84

2017年夏季（6—8月）大气环流特征为：北半球极涡仍呈单极型位于北极上空,但强度较春季明显减弱。6月,我国近海北部有弱冷空气活动。7—8月,中高纬度槽脊活动进一步减弱,副热带高压西伸北抬,热带气旋活动频繁。我国近海海域主要有15次8级以上大风过程,其中热带气旋大风过程有8次,入海温带气旋过程有5次,强对流导致雷暴大风过程2次。有11次范围较大的2 m以上的大浪过程。仅出现1次范围较大的海雾过程。西北太平洋和南海共生成15个台风,其他各大洋共有热带气旋18个,分别为：大西洋7个、东太平洋11个。海表温度整体呈上升趋势。  相似文献